The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication. Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. The trunk, also called a proboscis, is used for breathing, bringing food and water to the mouth, and grasping objects. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears, and convex or level backs.ĭistinctive features of all elephants include a long trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, massive legs, and tough but sensitive skin. The family Elephantidae also contains several now-extinct groups, including the mammoths and straight-tusked elephants. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea extinct members include the mastodons. Three species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. Elephants are mammals and known the largest existing land animals.
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